Measurement of population effectiveness and social gradients in the impact of interventions
Public Health Impact
In short, what is the point of an app for reducing alcohol consumption that has been developed by all the rules of the art or state of the art, but is hardly used by anyone? Exactly. That's why there is public health iImpact. Public Health Impact is an outcome criterion for interventions in populations and includes five dimensions that form the acronym RE-AIM (Glasgow et al., Front. Public Health, 2019). To produce visible effects at the population level, an intervention must 1) reach people (Reach), 2) be effective (Effectiveness), 3) be adopted by relevant institutions (Adoption), 4) be implemented as intended (Implementation), and 5) be effective and maintained over the long-term (Maintenance).
Social gradient in intervention effects
An intervention should improve health in the population as a whole while reducing socially determined health disparities. Social gradients in intervention effects can be operationalized with equity impact. Equity impact is a) positive if groups of people with low socioeconomic status benefit more from the intervention than groups of people with high status, b) neutral if the intervention is equally effective in both groups, or c) negative if groups with low socioeconomic status benefit less from the intervention than groups with high status.
Measure Public Health Impact
To measure public health impact, we use randomized controlled trials in populations or medical and social care settings. To identify factors associated with the five dimensions of public health impact, we combine qualitative methods with complex quantitative data modeling in mixed methods designs.
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